11/10/2023 0 Comments Winsnape brook fishing![]() ![]() It becomes tidal below the weir at St Michael's. The river then turns westwards, flowing through St Michael's on Wyre where it is joined by its second major tributary, the River Brock. One mile south, at Catterall, it meets its first major tributary, the River Calder. In 1984 a pumping station, built just below the confluence as part of a water transfer scheme in the 1980s, saw the Abbeystead disaster, an explosion in which 16 people were killed and a further 22 were injured.įrom Abbeystead, the river flows south through Dolphinholme to Garstang, where the Lancaster Canal crosses on a small aqueduct. The river rises in the Forest of Bowland in central Lancashire, as two distinct tributaries, the Tarnbrook Wyre and the Marshaw Wyre, whose confluence is near the village of Abbeystead. The river's name possibly means 'winding river' in Celtic. The River Wyre possibly shares its etymology with other river names, including the Wear in County Durham and the Quair Water in Scotland. It may be derived from *wiΣ-, a form of the element * wei, with a basic sense of "flowing", with the suffix * –urā. The name Wyre is of pre-Roman, likely if specific, Common Brittonic origin. It is 28 miles (45 km) long and has a sheltered estuary which penetrates deep into the Fylde peninsula. The River Wyre in Lancashire, England, flows into the Irish Sea at Fleetwood. ![]() ( grid reference SD340479) Shard Bridge spans the River Wyre between Hambleton and Singleton Cartford Bridge spanning the river (1997) for north-western Europe.Class=notpageimage| Wyre estuary shown within Lancashire The evidence of Grotta di Pozzo fits into the twofold model of recolonisation suggested by Housley et al. However, a residential phase starts substantially later, after 16 ka cal BP, just as elsewhere over the Alps. The combination of high altitude and low latitude, and the presence of a lake, apparently created a unique set of opportunities for late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers, allowing the post-LGM recolonisation to start there earlier than elsewhere in Europe. There is evidence of larger parties settling for a while, producing and using a wide range of lithic implements, as well as dwelling structures such as pits and a large fireplace which was lighted again and again. Flint used in the cave was collected from the same mountain outcrops as in earlier layers, and a limited amount of exotic flint also occurs. The hunters possibly followed the chamois when they moved seasonally upland in search of better pasture, and then back to the Fucino. Chamois were caught in autumn, in good accordance with other lines of evidence pointing to human presence after a Summer spent at higher hunting grounds. Fish vertebrae are underrepresented within the assemblage, possibly suggesting that trout was partially processed here, by removing the head portion, and taken to another location for consumption. Marmot and birds were also exploited and there are abundant trout remains. ![]() The upper layers, which are dated between 15.5 and 14.5 ka cal BP, include animal bones (mostly chamois and red deer, but also ibex, wild boar, hydruntine horse and aurochs). It is assumed that it was collected in the higher mountain areas during the Summer hunting season, but there is no direct evidence of seasonality at the cave itself, as bones are badly preserved in the lower layers. Flint does not occur locally, and therefore had to be imported. Broken armatures were discarded, and new ones produced with flint collected at some 30km of distance, where the latter outcrops between 10m asl. 15.5 ka cal BP, there is evidence of very restricted human groups briefly visiting the cave. The sequence is twofold: from 19 ka to approx. Inside the cave, layers of limestone éboulis alternate with layers rich in organic matter. The Lateglacial stratigraphic sequence, with Epigravettian industries, spans over the following 5000 years, while Holocene deposits with Sauveterrian industries occur at the top. Then the lake started to decrease, and there is evidence of human activity soon after 20 ka cal bp in the talus deposit. A very high water level was reached at the LGM, when fluvio-lacustrine sediments were deposited in the cave. High lacustrine levels are correlated with reduced evaporation and cold climatic phases. ![]() The basin is of tectonic origin and has been occupied during the Pleistocene and Holocene by the shallow and widely fluctuating Lake Fucino, eventually artificially drained. The surrounding mountains rise to >2000m asl. "Grotta di Pozzo is located at 42° N on the southern edge of the Avezzano basin, at 710m asl in the Apennine range of central Italy. ![]()
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